Health Promotion in Nursing Care Essays - 1015 Words

Health Promotion in Nursing Care Margaret Brzoza Lauer Grand Canyon University: NRS 429v October 16, 2011 Health Promotion in Nursing Care The three levels of health promotion and prevention are primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention education. Primary health care promotion focuses on making individuals, families, and communities aware of health related issues and provides education on alternatives for a healthy lifestyle. Secondary health care promotion provides the screening necessary to identify health problems and provides information on changes that can be made to reduce the risk of chronic health problems. Tertiary promotion of health care focuses on management of the chronic disease, so that a greater quality of life can†¦show more content†¦The role and responsibility of the nurse in health promotion is to provide the individual, family, or community with an organized and comprehensive path leading to a healthier lifestyle. Considerations for the nurse in this role should include prioritizing the needs of the individual, family, or community and providing information that will encourage change and a better understanding of health. Allowing the patient to make decisions in the management of their own care through promotion of self care, at any level, will promote the health and well being of a patient. When providing planned health promotion and educational material to a patient, the education should support their self care needs and assist the patient to a sustained lifestyle change. Health screening along with comprehensive information on the choices needed to prevent progression to a chronic illness will allow the patient to feel more in control over their choices. Continuation of care after discharge from a hospital setting is usually done by community nurses who will specialize in the management of long term conditions such as chronic kidney, pulmonary and cardiac disease. The ultimate goal is to provide continuous care for patients who are discharged from hospitals and allow them to recover in their homes as well as educating the patient and families on health promotion and disease prevention (Chow, Wong, Chan, Chung, Chang, amp; Lee, 2008). Implementation ofShow MoreRelatedCommunity Health Nursing : A Continuum Of Care From Health Promotion And Prevention2342 Words   |  10 PagesHealth is a dynamic, changing state of well-being, which includes physical, mental, sociological, and cultural factors of both individual members and the whole family system (Kaakinen, Coehlo, Steele, Tabacco, Hanson, 2015, p. 5). The Health and well-being of individuals and families are important in order to attain a healthy lifestyle. 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This research paper will review current literature fromRead MoreLevels of Health Promotions in Nursing Practice1043 Words   |  5 Pageshead: LEVELS OF HEALTH PROMOTIONS IN NURSING PRACTICE Levels of Health Promotions in Nursing Practice Patricia Hartman Grand Canyon University Family Centered Health Promotions NRS429V July 15, 2012 Levels of Health Promotions in Nursing Practice Dimensions of the environment are not only physical but also psychosocial and spiritual care and involvement. Health promotions are identified as participation of individuals and family with care delivery. The community health profession teachesRead MoreHealth And Person Centred Care996 Words   |  4 Pagesessay will discuss Health and Person Centred-Care, what it is, and how in adult nursing field it is relevant and promoted and put in action. Through the factors such as lay health belief, health, health promotion person centred care. 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“More than our brother is our chastity”. How far do you find yourself able to condone Isabella’s point of view Free Essays

John 15:13 says: â€Å"Greater love hath no man than this, that a man lay down his life for his friends†. In the traditional Christian Elizabethan society; this sentiment would have been revered; Shakespeare’s Puritanical and Catholic audiences would have loved the ideas of self-sacrifice and the immediate ascension into heaven. However, in Measure for Measure, Shakespeare manages to challenge this verse; he manipulates the situations and then causes the audience to digest the complexity of the verse, and causes the audience to question whether Isabella’s estimation that fornicating to save the life of another is not only morally wrong and a direct rebuttal of Jesus’ sentiment; but a damning sin. We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"More than our brother is our chastity†. How far do you find yourself able to condone Isabella’s point of view or any similar topic only for you Order Now Isabella’s introduction into the play arouses intrigue in audiences and readers, as she is described as having a â€Å"speechless dialect/Such as move men†; so it is expected that audiences and readers would be waiting with bated breath fro Isabella to meet Angelo; and Shakespeare does not disappoint. The scene is written in blank verse, with unrhymed lines of iambic pentameter; Isabella first line is not quite metrically even; the word honour cannot be properly stressed, and that falter changes the rhythm of her speech. Her second speech leaves a gap in which Angelo inserts a terse question; almost as if the incomplete pentameter forces Angelo to reply. That first break in rhythm changes the dynamics of Isabelle’s interaction with Angelo. Shakespeare purposefully does this in order to use language and rhythm to convey the intensity of the relationship instantly forged between them; in particular the way the metre swaps between the two speakers. Later in the scene, the roles are reversed. On line 51, the position of the words in the pentameter undermines their stated meaning: while the words themselves speak of a certainty and finality, the rhythm is half-finished; in which Isabella can – metrically must- reopen the argument; although Angelo’s words say there is nor room for argument, he does not, at some level, want to dismiss the argument entirely; The language of the scene shows the extent to which they are aware of each other. So from the beginning of their interaction readers and audiences alike are left to question if this awareness is befitting of a novice nun. Conversely, Isabella may be seen as a model of some aspects of Christian virtue in ‘Measure for Measure’, and her opposition to giving up her virginity an extension of her inherent virtue. For instance, in Act 2 Scene 2, Isabella’s dialogue with Angelo expresses her quality of mercy, as although Claudio’s sexual transgression is â€Å"a vice that I do most abhor†, Isabella argues that Angelo â€Å"might pardon him, / And neither heaven nor man grieve at the mercy. Furthermore she connects this value directly to God and her religion; â€Å"Why all the souls that were, were forfeit once/ And he that might the vantage best have took/ Found out the remedy. † This opposes Angelo’s strict adherence to the secular laws of Vienna. His speeches in this scene make repeated references to his view of the law as immobile, such as â€Å"Your brother is a forfeit of the law/ And you but waste your words. He does not address the moral issues surround ing Claudio’s crime, and the dry legal connotations of his language may seem to lack sympathy or mercy; this contrasts with Isabella’s emotive language and religious allusions. This juxtaposition may have provided Shakespeare’s original audiences with an interesting and current rhetorical debate, as the laws of the church and England’s common laws were sometimes distinct and contradictory, causing moral and legal conflict. Moreover, the laws at the time were concerned with principles of justice, but did not often consider mercy, which was thought to be a religious virtue. Therefore, the characters of Isabella and Angelo may be intended to represent the two sides of this debate. Similarly, in John Webster’s ‘The Duchess of Malfi† The Duchess is portrayed as character who breaks the traditional Elizabethan revenge plot by to speak and act with the freedom of normal, albeit impulsive human beings. The Duchess is portrayed as sensual and aware of her sexuality, but is still able to become the embodiment of Christian virtue. In some ways Isabella and the Duchess are strikingly similar, but where The Duchess is overtly sexual, Isabella – like Angelo, has a moral compass that causes her to view situations as either Black or White, with no in-between {Insert quotation here} Isabella may therefore represent the difficulties of being a model of virtue, and of holding strict values of chastity and restraint whilst upholding sometimes contrasting principles of mercy and compassion. These themes would have been relevant in Jacobean society, as puritan values – which Isabella’s devotion may represent – were becoming increasingly influential politically and socially, for instance the theatres of the suburbs were at times closed by puritan intervening. Furthermore, the play’s genre of problem play allows for moral dilemmas to be raised and viewed from both sides. Therefore although seems to Isabella demonstrate a struggle to become ideally virtuous, it cannot be said definitively whether she succeeds as Angelo brings to light an equally challenging view â€Å"Is there no charity in sin? † However, it could be argued that modern values make it difficult for todays’ audience and readers to full grasp the gravity of Isabella’s situation. A similar story to ‘Measure for Measure’ is outlined in the Elizabethan novella â€Å"Eptia and Juriste† by Giraldi Cintho; in which Juriste is appointed governor of Innsbruck. He sentences a young man Vico to death; and like Angelo, Juriste propositions Epitia for sexual favours in exchange for her brother’s life, hinting that he might even marry her later. Epitia refuses indignantly â€Å"My brother’s life† she says with noble fierceness â€Å"is indeed very dear to me, but my honour is far dearer: my life I would willingly lose to save his, but I will not preserve him with my honour† so it could be argued that dilemma’s like this were popular and scintillating with Elizabethan audiences, as they understood the true depth of both women’s situations. Unfortunately, the representation of Isabella’s religious devotion may appear – to some readers and audiences; humorous in its extremes, such as when in Act 1 Scene 4 she wishes for â€Å"a more strict restraint† even than â€Å"the votarists of St Claire†, a Catholic order that Shakespeare’s audiences may have recognised as following rigorous rules of poverty. Furthermore, Isabella’s devotion to chastity may place her on what seems like a moral highroad unachievable by most, and this may causes an audience to question or disapprove of her character. However, although Isabella’s resilient chastity may have therefore seemed virtuous, her direct language: â€Å"Better it were a brother died at once† could seem unsympathetic and her use of the pronoun â€Å"our† in her proclamation â€Å"more than our brother is our chastity† could be seen as unemotional and an attempt to depersonalise he situation; making it harder for audiences and readers alike to empathise with her. Although, the argument of Isabella’s lack of sympathy for Claudio could be countered with her argument that Angelo should put himself in Claudio’s place: â€Å"Go to your bosom, / Knock there, and ask your heart what it doth know/ That’s like my brother’s fault†. ; the emphasis on the shifting pronouns enacts the level of syntax, the act of identification she seeks to prompt. Also, it may be significant that Isabella sticks to her values of chastity even though it involves emotional upheaval, whereas Angelo, when he discovers he is not the legal and moral puritan he had previously thought himself to abandons his values completely and becomes a tyrant, exploiting both the law and the other characters for his own benefit, saying: â€Å"I have begun, /And now I give my sensual race the rein. † So, while Angelo is portrayed as occupying the same if not higher moral ground that Isabella, his fall from grace is well documented and juxtaposed against Isabella – who sometimes unethical but never immoral, it shows that Isabella’s strength lies I her unwavering moral compass, and easily giving over her virtue would be untrue of her character. This is portrays especially well in Act 2 Scene 4, where Angelo asks â€Å"who would believe thee Isabel? â€Å". Here Shakespeare’s use of the rhetorical question emphasises Angelo’s power over Isabella, in that he is relying on his â€Å"unsoiled name† to protect him from prosecution. The imagery of the â€Å"unsoiled† name implies that Angelo’s power stems from his past reputation, in that no one would believe that he would be capable of succumbing to the same weaknesses as other’s. This point is mirrored in the â€Å"Duchess of Malfi† in which the Cardinal places his power in his reputation as no one expects him to be a fornicator as his position supposedly attests to his morality. In conclusion, Isabella’s conflict in the play has a deep moral centre. She wants to become a nun, but can only save her brother’s life by surrendering her chastity to Angelo. When she says, â€Å"More than our brother is our chastity† I believe she is not being cruel or selfish, but trying very hard to adhere to an ingrained sense morality, and unlike many characters in the play, she sticks to her values and her faith; and this might seem foreign even to some Elizabethan audiences, as in some cases, representations of women of this time can be seen as being limited to idolised virgins, or sexual women who were often demonised as whores. So, because Isabella is not a perfect religious ideal, but as a woman with flaws who is placed in a difficult situation, and tries to achieve the best outcome; it is easy to respect her. How to cite â€Å"More than our brother is our chastity†. How far do you find yourself able to condone Isabella’s point of view, Papers

Environmental Politics Ecosystems and Environment

Question: Discuss about the Environmental Politicsfor Ecosystems and Environment. Answer: Sustainability refers to the survival of the systems and processes. In general terms, sustainability can be defined as the ability of the ecosystem to remain productive and diverse for generation after generation. Hence, sustainability is related to the ecosystems and environment. It is the socio-ecological procedure, which is characterized by the quest of a common purpose and ideology. The survival of the human beings and other organisms on earth is dependent on the sustainability of the environment. Thus, the equilibrium of the ecosystems and humans is essential for sustainability (Ekins et al. 2003). Sustainability is one of the most important criteria for the development of the specific source of environmental knowledge and the renewability or the awareness of the optimum use of resources is important for the existence of the whole ecology. The food chain system along with the impacts and affects of environmental concerns and biological resources are essential for the criteria studies highlight and focuses on the not support the stocks of the relevant of the Conserving the irreplaceable stocks of critical natural capital for the sake of future generation (UNDP 2017). There are two ideologies of sustainability: weak sustainability and strong sustainability. Weak sustainability refers to the concept in environmental economics that deals with the idea that natural capital can be substituted by human capital. Nobel laureate Robert Solow and John Hartwick have worked on weak sustainability. The idea states that the manufactured capital can take place of the natural capital, as long as it can be converted to manufactured capital of equal value. Thus, it states that natural and other manufactured capitals are perfectly substitutable, and there is no fundamental difference between the welfare generated by those (Kates 2010). Capital can be described as a factor that can produce a flow of goods and services to satisfy the human needs. It can be of four types: manufactured, human, social and natural. Manufactured capital is the tools and equipments manufactured by human beings, which helps in further production; human capital is the capacities of individuals for working; social capital is the system of networks, which coordinates the contributions of individuals, and lastly, natural capital is the environmental resources that are used in the production of goods and services (Davies 2013). The key idea of weak sustainability is the optimum allocation of the scarce natural resources to generate manufactured capital. It deals with the monetary compensation for the environmental degradation. The whole value of the total stock of capital should remain same or increased for the sake of future generation. Scientific approach is usually used for determining the thresholds of the natural capital valuations. The issues of weak sustainability are as follows. Monetary value can be assigned to the manufactured capital but it is extremely difficult to assign a money value to the natural capital. For example, coal is a natural capital, which is extracted by humans to produce electricity. Electricity is then used as a capital for industrial and residential purpose to produce more goods as well as to improve the quality of domestic life. Hence, electricity is a manufactured capital and has a monetary value, while coal is natural capital whose value is difficult to assign (Howes et al. 2010). Another issue in the concept of weak sustainability is that, it does not consider the fact that some natural capital cannot be substituted by manufactured or human capital. For example, the ozone layer, an ocean fishery, or a river full of salmon cannot be replaced by any human or manufactured capital (Oxley et al. 2014). In weak sustainability, the emphasis is on economic gains rather than on the ecological scale. It does not take into account that the natural capital should be passed on to the future generation in its original form. It focuses on the idea that human can use up the natural capital and degrade the environment as long as they can compensate the loss of natural capital with the human or manufactured capital i.e. skills, knowledge, technology, machineries, infrastructure etc. However, there should be limits to the level of replacement of the natural capital, which would keep the stock in its original form for the future generation (Bond and Morrison-Saunders 2013). These issues give rise to the idea of strong sustainability, which states that the natural capital is complementary to the human and manufactured capital. Complementarity is central to the concept of strong sustainability, which defines that in order to survive the raw materials for a longer period the available resources must be utilized in a sustainable way. The viability of the natural resources or the goods has a limited stock unlike weak sustainability, which depends on the technical abilities to produce new means of the resources. The context of strong sustainability refers to the best utilization of the resources with a coherent cooperation between the natural and human resources. Strong sustainability resolves on the fact that it is not sufficient to last if misused but the on the other hand weak sustainability solves the environmental issues in a mechanized manner (Martins 2016). Strong sustainability allows the optimum yet sufficient use of the resources provided by the nature to the humankind with an ideology that the services, which the capital provides, are non-renewable. It also resolves the key issues like presence of the rainforest and several natural properties like the water bodies, which has strong impacts while the ecosystem is prey to some sort of natural calamity like floods, mudslides, volcanoes etc. In fact, if there are less deforestation and less consumption of all the vacant lands eventually it affects the well being of the individual as well as the environment and eventually safeguards the social structures. The importance and significance of the natural resources help in associating with the sustainability programs for the future. As defined in the proposal of the United Nations Development Program, Todays generation cannot ask future generations to breathe polluted air in exchange for a greater capacity to produce goods and services. That would restrict the freedom of future generations to choose clean air over more goods and services (Ekins 2014). Strong sustainability do not support the replacement due to the importance of the available resources which is significant and necessary for the survival of the human kind but simultaneously weak sustainability cannot be achieved with the combined effort of the stocks and the human resources. The services, which are offered by the manufactured goods as well as the natural goods, can be contrasted to the point that one serves with a great quality and productivity but on the other hand, this is necessary for the importance of the survival of the humankind, which has social relevancy to the users of the services, human beings. Often it is necessary to take care of the non renewable source of energy like the oil and gas, minerals, sunshine etc which are called as the critical resources that cannot be produced or recreated of the sake of increased consumption (Agyeman 2008). The comparison is necessary to comprehend the issues that are resolved by the specific set of ecological and environmental values that must be assigned to the social beings so that it can avoid the risks that are involved in the degradation process of the ecosystem. Weak sustainability aims for a multidimensional approach but strong sustainability does not follow the patterns of this approach as it is of the value that the natural source must be infiltrated and have a specific set of items that are attached to the scenario of the ecosystem. In the concept of weak sustainability, there are certain hitches about the difference between manufactured and natural capital, which justify the concept of strong sustainability more. Strong sustainability refers to the arrangement consisting of developing biotic and a-biotic rudiments that cooperate in ways which establish the capacity of the ecosystems in an extensive manner. Manufactured or produced capital and natural capital are particularly two different issues that are responsible for the concept and comparison of the weak and strong sustainability (Ziegler and Ott 2015). Firstly, these two types of capital consist of a qualitative difference. While manufactured capital can be reproduced and the destruction is not irreversible, the natural capital stock is irreversible. Moreover, the effects of the destruction of natural capital on the human beings are not well defined. Hence, implementing a precautionary rule regarding the usage of natural capital is essential (Dale and Beyeler 2001). Secondly, the creation of manufactured capital requires the natural capital; hence, these two cannot be perfectly substitutable. Furthermore, the contributions of natural capital on the well-being of the humans are multidimensional. The strong sustainability concept focuses on the role of natural capital is central to the services provided by the ecosystem. This concept is a key point in the determination of the freedom of choice and action for the human beings. Hence, natural capital is seen as complementary to manufactured or human capital rather than being a substitute (Kates 2010). Thirdly, the loss in the stock of natural capital cannot be filled up as quickly as the rate of increase in the demand for the future consumption. The production of goods and services in the current generation by using the natural capital can decrease the stock for future generation. That reduces the freedom of choice for the future generation. Hence, conservation of natural capital is extremely essential for the sake of intergenerational justice issue (Agyeman 2008). Strong sustainability does not support the efficiency and collaboration of manmade and natural resources, but weak sustainability hardly disagrees on the combined effort of the two sources. The substitution of the resources is not allowed in the case of the strong sustainability, which on the other hand can be essentially utilized for the weak sustainability. The factors like critical natural capital along and ecological modernization aids in determining the aspects of strong and weak sustainability from a comparative viewpoint (Steffen and Smith 2013). Thus, strong sustainability holds the concept of unique contribution of the natural capital in the well-being of human beings, which makes the natural capital complementary to human or manufactured capital rather than being a substitute of that. Sustainability is one of the most important criteria for the development of the specific source of environmental knowledge and the renewability or the awareness of the optimum use of resources is important for the existence of the whole ecology. Conserving the irreplaceable stocks of critical natural capital for the sake of future generation is extremely significant. References: Ekins, P., Simon, S., Deutsch, L., Folke, C., De Groot, R., 2003. A framework for the practical application of the concepts of critical natural capital and strong sustainability. Ecological Economics, 44, 165185. Agyeman, J., 2008. Toward a just sustainability?.Continuum, 22(6), pp.751-756. Dale, V. and Beyeler, S., 2001. Challenges in the development and use of ecological indicators.Ecological Indicators, 1(1), pp.3-10. Howes, M., McKenzie, M., Gleeson, B., Gray, R., Byrne, J. and Daniels, P., 2010. Adapting ecological modernisation to the Australian context.Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences, 7(1), pp.5-21. Kates, R., 2010. Readings in Sustainability Science and Technology. 213. Davies, G.R., 2013. Appraising weak and strong sustainability: searching for a middle ground.Consilience: The Journal of Sustainable Development,10(1), pp.111-124. Oxley, L., Hanley, N., Greasley, D., Blum, M., McLaughlin, E., Kunnas, J. and Warde, P., 2014. Empirical testing of genuine savings as an indicator of weak sustainability: a three-country analysis of long run trends. Bond, A. and Morrison-Saunders, A., 2013. Challenges in determining the effectiveness of sustainability assessment. Routledge, Taylor Francis Group. Martins, N.O., 2016. Ecosystems, strong sustainability and the classical circular economy.Ecological Economics,129, pp.32-39. Ekins, P., 2014. Strong sustainability and critical natural capital.Handbook of Sustainable Development, pp.55-71. Steffen, W. and Smith, M.S., 2013. Planetary boundaries, equity and global sustainability: why wealthy countries could benefit from more equity.Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability,5(3), pp.403-408. Ziegler, R. and Ott, K., 2015. The quality of sustainability science: a philosophical perspective. InEthics of Science in the Research for Sustainable Development(pp. 15-44). Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH Co. KG. UNDP. 2017. Sustainable Development Goals. [online] Available at: https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-goals.html [Accessed 7 Apr. 2017].